Glagolica - grammar |
| 3.1. Declension The adjectives has only one model. Here aren't hard and soft declension. In nominative of neutral and feminime we can use a subsuffixies -o- and -a- for better talking. bosij = barefooted |
Masculine |
Neuter. |
Feminine |
|
Singular |
|||
| Nom. | bos-ij | bos-(o)je | bos-(a)ja |
| Gen. | bos-ego |
bos-ego | bos-oj |
| Dat. | bos-emu |
bos-emu | bos-ej |
| Acc. | bos-ego | bos-oje | bos-uju |
| Instr. | bos-ym |
bos-ym | bos-oj |
| Loc. | bos-em |
bos-em | bos-ej |
Plural |
|||
| Nom. | bos-yje |
bos-yje |
bos-yje |
| Gen. | bos-ich |
bos-ich | bos-ich |
| Dat. | bos-ym |
bos-ym | bos-ym |
| Acc. | bos-yje |
bos-yje |
bos-yje |
| Instr. | bos-ymi |
bos-ymi | bos-ymi |
| Loc. | bos-ych |
bos-ych | bos-ych |
| 3.2. comparsion We have three degrees of
comparison: velikij (large) - velikejšij (larger, masc.) - najvelikejšij
(the largest, masc.) Declension of comparative and superlative is the same as positive, see table bellow. |
Masculine |
Neuter. |
Feminine |
|
Singular |
|||
| Nom. | (naj)bos-ejš-ij | (naj)bos-ejš-(o)je | (naj)bos-ejš-(a)ja |
| Gen. | (naj)bos-ejš-ego |
(naj)bos-ejš-ego | (naj)bos-ejš-oj |
| Dat. | (naj)bos-ejš-emu |
(naj)bos-ejš-emu | (naj)bos-ejš-ej |
| Acc. | (naj)bos-ejš-ego | (naj)bos-ejš-oje | (naj)bos-ejš-uju |
| Instr. | (naj)bos-ejš-ym |
(naj)bos-ejš-ym | (naj)bos-ejš-oj |
| Loc. | (naj)bos-ejš-em |
(naj)bos-ejš-em | (naj)bos-ejš-ej |
Plural |
|||
| Nom. | (naj)bos-ejš-ji |
(naj)bos-ejš-je |
(naj)bos-ejš-je |
| Gen. | (naj)bos-ejš-ich |
(naj)bos-ejš-ich | (naj)bos-ejš-ich |
| Dat. | (naj)bos-ejš-ym |
(naj)bos-ejš-ym | (naj)bos-ejš-ym |
| Acc. | (naj)bos-ejš-yje |
(naj)bos-ejš-yje |
(naj)bos-ejš-yje |
| Instr. | (naj)bos-ejš-ymi |
(naj)bos-ejš-ymi | (naj)bos-ejš-ymi |
| Loc. | (naj)bos-ejš-ych |
(naj)bos-ejš-ych | (naj)bos-ejš-ych |
Example: plnij (full) - plnejšij, plnejšje,
plnejšja (more full) - najplnejšij, najplnejšje, najplnejšja,
(the fullest)~~~~~
|
ten (this) |
Pronouns which are declined as ten:
|
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masc. |
neut. |
fem. |
||||||||
| Nom. sg. | ten | to | ta | |||||||
| Gen. | tego |
togo | toj | |||||||
| Dat. | temu |
tomu | toj | |||||||
| Acc. | tego |
to | tu | |||||||
| Instr. | tem |
tom | toj | |||||||
| Loc. | tem |
tom | toj | |||||||
| Nom. pl. | ti | ta | ty | |||||||
| Gen. | tech |
tech | tech | |||||||
| Dat. | tem |
tem | tem | |||||||
| Acc. | ty | ta | ty | |||||||
| Instr. | temi |
temi | temi | |||||||
| Loc. | tech |
tech | tech | |||||||
| 4.2. Interrogative pronouns They are declined such as adjectives. čij (whose?) ktorij (which? what?) Examples: 4.3. Personal pronouns |
| Singular person | Plural person | -self * | |||||
1st |
2nd |
3rd (mnf) | 1st |
2nd | 3rd (mnf) | ||
| Nom. | ja | ty | on, ono, ona | my | vy | oni, ona, ony | sě |
| Gen. | mene | tebe | něgo, ňogo, ňoj | nás | vás | něch | sěbe |
| Dat. | mi | ti | němu, ňomu, ňej | nám | vám | něm | si |
| Acc. | mě | tě | něgo, ňo, ňu | nás | vás | ony, ona, ony | sě |
| Instr. | mnoj | toboj | nim, ňim, ňoj | námi | vámi | němi | sěboj |
| Loc. | mně | tebě | něm, ňom, ňoj | nás | vás | něch | sěbě |
| * It isn't in English so large as in slavs languages. It is for example in Czech: učit se or in Russian: učiťsja. Simply we can say that the sě turns doing to the speaker. Declension is same as decl. of the ja and ty. Examples: (I am not sure, if my translations to the EN are correct.) 4.4. Anaphoric pronouns They aren't declined. The singular is depend on the owner gender. The plural is the same for all genders.
Examples: Videš jego brata ? Do you see his brother ?
|
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| 1 jeden
(masc.), jedna (fem.), jedno (neut.) 2 dva (masc.), dvě (fem., neut.) 3 tri 4 četyri 5 pět 6 šest 7 sedm 8 osm 9 devět 10 desat 100 sto 1000 tisíc . 1 000 000 milion . |
11 jedinadsat 12 dvanadsat 13 trinadsat 14 četyrinadsat 15 pětnadsat 16 šestnadsat 17 sedmnadsat 18 osmnadsat 19 devětnadsat |
20 dvadesat 30 tridesat 40 četyridesat 50 pětdesat 60 šestdesat 70 sedmdesat 80 osmdesat 90 devětdesat |
| Examples: 1998 jedin tisíc devět sto devětdesat osm 1848 jedin tisíc osm sto četyredesat osm 12 345 678 dvanadsat milion tristo četyridesat pět tisíc šest sto sedmdesat osm 5.1. numerals declension The numerals five and more has only two forms. The basic form (pět, šest, sedm) in nominativ and accusative and wtih -i suffix (pěti, šesti, sedmi ...) in other cases. Jeden is declined as is in the table bellow. Maybe you are intersting why there are the plural forms, because you though that with something is one, that we can't use it int the plural. Yes, that's right. But don't forget, that we use a numeral jeden in these sentences where we won't to be concrete. Znaju jednego slugu. Srobil to s jednemi slugami. Dva has only plural form (in reality it is a dual) and here are a differences between masculines, feminines and neutral. Tri and četyri are declined too. But they has only one form for all genders. The declension of dva, tri, četyri is in the table bellew. Examples: |
jeden |
|||
masc. |
neut. |
fem. |
|
| Nom. sg. | jeden (ten) | jedno (to) | jedna (ta) |
| Gen. | jednego (tego) |
jednogo (togo) | jednoj (toj) |
| Dat. | jednemu (temu) |
jednomu (tomu) | jednoj (toj) |
| Acc. | jednego (tego) |
jedno (to) | jednu (tu) |
| Instr. | jednem (tem) |
jednom (tom) | jednoj (toj) |
| Loc. | jednem (tem) |
jednom (tom) | jednoj (toj) |
| Nom. pl. | jedni (ti) | jedna (ta) | jedny (ty) |
| Gen. | jednech (tech) |
jednech (tech) | jednech (tech) |
| Dat. | jednem (tem) |
jednem (tem) | jednem (tem) |
| Acc. | jedny (ty) | jedna (ta) | jedny (ty) |
| Instr. | jednemi (temi) |
jednemi (temi) | jednemi (temi) |
| Loc. | jednech (tech) |
jednech (tech) | jednech (tech) |
dva |
tri | četyri | |||
masc. |
neut. |
fem. |
m, n, f | m, n, f | |
| Nom. sg. | dva (ta) | dvě (tě) | dvě (tě) | tri | četyri |
| Gen. | dvoch (toch) | dvoma (toma) | dvěma (těma) | troch | četyroch |
| Dat. | dvom (tom) | dvom (tom) | dvěm (těm) | trom | četyrom |
| Acc. | dva (ta) | dvě (tě) | dvě (tě) | troch | četyroch |
| Instr. | dvěma (těma) | dvoma (toma) | dvěma (těma) | tromi | četyromi |
| Loc. | dvoch (toch) | dvoch (toch) | dvoch (toch) | troch | četyroch |
| Vocative | dva (ta) | dvě (tě) | dvě (tě) | tri | četyri |
5.2. Ordinal numerals They are declined as adjectives. Ad the -a- and -o- in feminime and neutral nominative. 1 prvij (masc.), prvaja (fem.),
prvoje (neut.) |
5.3. quantitative numerals with -ije suffix for 5 and more and for 2-4 as follows dvoje |
TOC * Introduction * 1.
Special chars * 2. Nouns * 3.
Adjectives * 4. Pronouns * 5.
Numeral
6. Verbs * 7.
Participles * 8. Verbal Nouns * 9. Prepositions and Particles * Vocabulary * APPENDIXIES
Slavoboj Richard Ruibar, Matica Slovanská, 1.3.2002
slavoboj@matica.org, www.matica.org
Slávu Slávom !