Glagolica - grammar

Glagolica - grammar

**Masculines nouns declension**
	*sluga*	syn	*dom*	děň	*gost*
	servant	son	hause	day	guest
Singular
Nominative	*sluga*	*syn*	*dom*	*děň*	*gost*
Genitive	*slugu*	*syna*	*domu*	*děně*	*gosta*
Dative	*slugovi*	*synu*	*domu*	*děňu*	*gostu*
Accusative	*slugu*	*syna*	*dom*	*děň*	*gosta*
Instrumental	*slugom*	*synom*	*domom*	*děňom*	*gostom*
Locative	*slugovi*	*synu*	*domu*	*děně*	*gostu*
Vocative	*slugo*	*syne*	*domu*	*děň*	*gost*
Plural
Nom., Voc.	*slugovja*	*synovja*	*domy*	*děni*	*gosti*
Gen.	*slugov*	*synov*	*domov*	*děněj*	*gostej*
Dat.	*slugom*	*synom*	*domom*	*děnjom*	*gostam*
Acc.	*slugov*	*synov*	*domov*	*děněj*	*gostej*
Instr.	*slugami*	*synami*	*domomi*	*děnjami*	*gostami*
Loc.	*slugoch*	*synach*	*domoch*	*děnjach*	*gostach*

**Feminines nouns declension**
	*mama*	*dušja*	krv	*osa*	*kost*	mať
	mother	soul	blood	axis	bone	mother
Singular
Nominative	*mama*	*dušja*	krv	osa	*kosť*	mať
Genitive	*mamy*	*dušje*	krve	osi	*kosti*	matere
Dative	*mame*	*dušji*	krvi	ose	*kosti*	matery
Accusative	*mamu*	*dušju*	krv	osu	*kost*	mat
Instrumental	*mamoj*	*dušjoj*	krvoj	osoj	*kostoj*	materoj
Locative	*mame*	*dušji*	krvi	ose	*kosti*	materi
Vocative	*mamo*	*dušjo*	krv	oso	*kost*	matero
Plural
Nom., Voc.	*mamy*	*dušje*	krve	osy	*kosti*	matery
Gen.	*mam*	*dušji*	krví	osej	*kostej*	mater
Dat.	*mamam*	*dušjam*	krvam	osam	*kostam*	materam
Acc.	*mam*	*dušji*	krve	osej	*kostej*	mater
Instr.	*mamami*	*dušjami*	krvami	osami	*kostami*	materami
Loc.	*mamach*	*dušjach*	krvích	osach	*kostach*	materach

**Neutral nouns declension**
	*okno*	*pole*	tele	nebo
	window	field	calf	sky
Singular
Nominative	*okno*	*pole*	tele	nebo
Genitive	*okna*	*pola*	teleta	nebesa
Dative	*oknu*	*polu*	teletu	nebesu
Accusative	*okno*	*pole*	tele	nebo
Instrumental	*oknom*	*polom*	teletom	nebesom
Locative	*okne*	*pole*	teletu	nebese
Vocative	*okno*	*pole*	teleto	nebeso
Plural
Nom., Voc.	*okna*	pola	teleta	nebesa
Gen.	*okon*	polej	telet	nebes
Dat.	*oknom*	polom	teletam	nebesim
Acc.	*okon*	pola	telet	nebes
Instr.	*okny*	polami	teletami	nebesami
Loc.	*oknoch*	polach	teletach	nebesich

**Adjectives declension and comparasion**
	Masculine	Neuter.	Feminine
Singular
Nom.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ij*	*(naj)bos-ejš-(o)je*	*(naj)bos-ejš-(a)ja*
Gen.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ego*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ego*	*(naj)bos-ejš-oj*
Dat.	*(naj)bos-ejš-emu*	*(naj)bos-ejš-emu*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ej*
Acc.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ego*	*(naj)bos-ejš-oje*	*(naj)bos-ejš-uju*
Instr.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ym*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ym*	*(naj)bos-ejš-oj*
Loc.	*(naj)bos-ejš-em*	*(naj)bos-ejš-em*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ej*
Plural
Nom.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ji*	*(naj)bos-ejš-je*	*(naj)bos-ejš-je*
Gen.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ich*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ich*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ich*
Dat.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ym*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ym*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ym*
Acc.	*(naj)bos-ejš-yje*	*(naj)bos-ejš-yje*	*(naj)bos-ejš-yje*
Instr.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ymi*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ymi*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ymi*
Loc.	*(naj)bos-ejš-ych*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ych*	*(naj)bos-ejš-ych*

In nominative of neutral and feminime we can use a subsuffixies -o- and -a- for better talking.

Demonstrative and passesive pronouns

ten (this)

Pronouns which are declined as ten:

*moj* *tvoj* *naš* *vaš* *svoj* *ten* *tamo ten*	my your, 2nd person sg. our your, 2nd person pl. self's this that

Examples: tvojego - tvoj masc dat sg svojemi - svoj fem instr pl tamo toj - tamo ten fem loc sg

masc.

neut.

fem.

Nom. sg.

ten

Gen.

tego

togo

toj

Dat.

temu

tomu

toj

Acc.

tego

Instr.

tem

tom

toj

Loc.

tem

tom

toj

Nom. pl.

Gen.

tech

Dat.

tem

Acc.

Instr.

temi

Loc.

tech

**Personal pronouns**
	Singular person			Plural person			-self *
	1st	2nd	3rd (mnf)	1st	2nd	3rd (mnf)	-self *
Nom.	ja	ty	*on, ono, ona*	my	vy	*oni, ona, ony*	sě
Gen.	*mene*	*tebe*	*něgo, ňogo, ňoj*	*nás*	*vás*	*něch*	*sěbe*
Dat.	mi	ti	*němu, ňomu, ňej*	*nám*	*vám*	*něm*	si
Acc.	mě	tě	*něgo, ňo, ňu*	*nás*	*vás*	*ony, ona, ony*	sě
Instr.	*mnoj*	*toboj*	*nim, ňim, ňoj*	*námi*	*vámi*	*němi*	*sěboj*
Loc.	*mně*	*tebě*	*něm, ňom, ňoj*	*nás*	*vás*	*něch*	*sěbě*

Anaphoric pronouns singular: jego (his), jogo(its), jej (her) plural: jejich (their)

**Numerals**
1 *jeden* (masc.)*, jedna* (fem.)*, jedno* (neut.) 2 *dva* (masc.), *dvě* (fem., neut.) 3 *tri* 4 *četyri* 5 *pět* 6 *šest* 7 *sedm* 8 *osm* 9 *devět* 10 *desat* 100 *sto*	11 *jedinadsat* 12 *dvanadsat* 13 *trinadsat* 14 *četyrinadsat* 15 *pětnadsat* 16 *šestnadsat* 17 *sedmnadsat* 18 *osmnadsat* 19 *devětnadsat* 1000 *tisíc .*	20 *dvadesat* 30 *tridesat* 40 *četyridesat* 50 *pětdesat* 60 *šestdesat* 70 *sedmdesat* 80 *osmdesat* 90 *devětdesat* 1 000 000 *milion .*


	Declension of the *jeden*
	masc.	neut.	fem.
Nom. sg.	jeden (ten)	jedno (to)	jedna (ta)
Gen.	jednego (tego)	jednogo (togo)	jednoj (toj)
Dat.	jednemu (temu)	jednomu (tomu)	jednoj (toj)
Acc.	jednego (tego)	jedno (to)	jednu (tu)
Instr.	jednem (tem)	jednom (tom)	jednoj (toj)
Loc.	jednem (tem)	jednom (tom)	jednoj (toj)
Nom. pl.	jedni (ti)	jedna (ta)	jedny (ty)
Gen.	jednech (tech)	jednech (tech)	jednech (tech)
Dat.	jednem (tem)	jednem (tem)	jednem (tem)
Acc.	jedny (ty)	jedna (ta)	jedny (ty)
Instr.	jednemi (temi)	jednemi (temi)	jednemi (temi)
Loc.	jednech (tech)	jednech (tech)	jednech (tech)

Declension of the *dva*, *tri*, *četyri*
	*dva*			tri	četyri
	masc.	neut.	fem.	m, n, f	m, n, f
Nom. sg.	dva (ta)	dvě (tě)	dvě (tě)	tri	četyri
Gen.	dvoch (toch)	dvoma (toma)	dvěma (těma)	troch	četyroch
Dat.	dvom (tom)	dvom (tom)	dvěm (těm)	trom	četyrom
Acc.	dva (ta)	dvě (tě)	dvě (tě)	troch	četyroch
Instr.	dvěma (těma)	dvoma (toma)	dvěma (těma)	tromi	četyromi
Loc.	dvoch (toch)	dvoch (toch)	dvoch (toch)	troch	četyroch
Vocative	dva (ta)	dvě (tě)	dvě (tě)	tri	četyri

The numerals pět and more has only two forms. The basic form (pět, šest, sedm) in nominativ and accusative and wtih -i suffix (pěti, šesti, sedmi ...) in other cases.

Ordinal numerals are declined as adjectives. Ad the *-a-* and -o- in fem. and neut. nominative.
*prvij* (masc.)*, prvaja* (fem.)*, prvoje* (neut.) *drugij* (masc.), *drugaja, drugoje* (fem., neut.) *tretij* (masc.), *tretaja, tretoje* (fem., neut.)	čtvrtij, čtvrtaja, čtvrtoje pět*ij, pětaja, pětoje* šestij, šestaja, šestoje

Quantitative numerals create with -ije suffix for 5 and more and for 2-4 as follows
dvoje, troje, četyrije, pětije, šestije, sedmije, osmije .....

**Regular verbs conjugation. Soft model.**
	present	past	future
1st singular	běžu	běžal	běžať
2nd singular	běžiš
3rd singular	běžit
1st plural	běžim	běžali
2nd plural	běžite
3rd plural	běžut

**Regular verbs conjugation. Hard model.**
	present	past	future
1st singular	beru	beral	berat
2nd singular	bereš
3rd singular	beret
1st plural	berem	berali
2nd plural	berete
3rd plural	berut

Present tense
verb in present form
Ja znaju. Ty pisješ.

Past tense
to be in present form + past form of a verb.
Ja jesm znajal. Ty jesi pisjal.

Future tense
to be in future form + future form of a verb.
Ja budu znajat. Ty budeš pisjat

**Imperative mood**
	consonant	wovel
1st singular	-	-
2nd singular	ber	dělaj
3rd singular	-	-
1st plural	berme	dělajme
2nd plural	berte	dělajte
3rd plural	-

**Participle present**
	masculine	femine	neuter
1st singular	vida znaja	vidúc znajúc
2nd singular
3rd singular
1st plural	vidúce znajúce
2nd plural
3rd plural

**Participle past**
	masculine	femine	neuter
1st singular	vid znav	vidša znavša
2nd singular
3rd singular
1st plural		vidše znavše
2nd plural
3rd plural

Verbal Nouns as Infinitive Piti ne jest dobro. - To drink is not good

**Verbal Nouns** **from infinitive stem** the infinitive stem + the suffix:
-nje, if stems ends with wovel -a / -e, -tje, if stem ends by wovel -u. -anje, if stem ends by consonant -r. -enje, if s.ends by -i or by cons. except -r,	*seti* (to sow) - *senje* (a sown one) kriknuti - kriknutje , shout berti - beranje , take *buditi - vudenje,* wake

Verbal Nouns from pasivum Masculine nominative singular + -ije.
znam - znamije (people which I know), ljubim - ljubimije (people whiche loves)

Prepositions and Particles all of them could be verbal prefixes as well.
v - into, in, inside it is used with accusative (direction) or with locative (location) case.
k - to, towards. Used with dative.
s - with, accompanied by. Requires the instrumental case.
iz - from, out of. It has the ablative meaning, and requires genitive.
na - on (up). The book is on the table.
o - about. Uses the accusative.
bez - without, used with the genitive only.

Particles and conjugations: i, a - and, ale - but, ne - not

Other useful words:

about - o
about - u
after - po
already - juže
as - jako
at - po
at - u
before - pered
behind - za
but - ale
by - po
even - ješče
for - pro
from - od
from - iz

here - tu
here - tu
how - kak
how much - koliko
I would be - ja byl by
if - či
in front of - pered
into - do
not - ne
not even, nor - ni
not, is not - ne jest
nothing - ničto
notime - nikegdy
now - nyně
on - po

on (up - on the table) - na
one time - kegdy
only just - jedvá
or - bo
out of - iz
so - tak
someone - někto
something - něšto
sometime - někegdy
sometimes - kegdy
still - ješče
than - neže
that - že
then - potom
then - potom

there - tamo
this - togo
this - tego
to - k
towards - k
up to - po
what - što
when - kogdy
when - kegby
when - kegdy
where - gde
which way - koda
who - kto
whom - čij
without - bez

TOC * Introduction * 1. Special chars * 2. Nouns * 3. Adjectives * 4. Pronouns * 5. Numeral
6. Verbs * 7. Participles * 8. Verbal Nouns * 9. Prepositions and Particles * Vocabulary * APPENDIXIES

Slavoboj Richard Ruibar, Matica Slovanskaja, 1.3.2002
slavoboj@matica.org, www.matica.org
Slávu Slávom !